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Authorization Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/basic/authorization/index …nsport level, enabling MCP clients to make requests to restricted MCP servers on behalf of resource owners. This specification defines the authorization flow for HTTP-based transports. ### Protocol R… Authorization Security Considerations Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/basic/authorization/security-considerations …nts that implementers **MUST** consider when building MCP clients and servers. Additionally, implementors **MUST** follow OAuth 2.1 security best practices as outlined in [OAuth 2.1 Section 7. "Secur… Overview Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/basic/index …hentication and authorization framework for HTTP-based transports * **Server Features**: Resources, prompts, and tools exposed by servers * **Client Features**: Elicitation, sampling and root director… Cancellation Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/basic/patterns/cancellation …indicate that a request it previously issued should be terminated. A server **MUST** send `notifications/cancelled` referencing a `subscriptions/listen` request ID when it tears down that subscriptio… Overview Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/basic/patterns/index …ines the message patterns of the core protocol: the ways a client and server compose JSON-RPC [requests, responses, and notifications](/specification/draft/basic/index#messages) into interactions. Eve… Multi Round-Trip Requests Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/basic/patterns/mrtr …e MCP specification. This replaces the previous approach of sending server-initiated requests. Servers **MUST** send server-to-client requests (such as `roots/list`, `sampling/createMessage`, or… Progress Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/basic/patterns/progress …acking for long-running operations through notification messages. The server **MAY** send progress notifications to report the status of requests the client has issued. ## Progress Flow When a clien… Subscriptions Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/basic/patterns/subscriptions …subscriptions/listen` opens a long-lived notification stream from the server to the client. Unlike one-off requests, the stream stays open and delivers notifications until the client cancels it. It re… Overview Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/basic/transports/index …or a request-scoped SSE stream. It is also possible for clients and servers to implement [custom transports](#custom-transports). ## Messages MCP uses JSON-RPC to encode messages. JSON-RPC message… stdio Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/basic/transports/stdio …-numbers" /> In the **stdio** transport, the client launches the MCP server as a subprocess. The two ends communicate over the subprocess's standard streams: * The server reads JSON-RPC messages fro… Streamable HTTP Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/basic/transports/streamable-http …patibility) below. </Info> In the **Streamable HTTP** transport, the server operates as an independent process that can handle multiple client connections. At a glance: * The server exposes a single… Versioning and Compatibility Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/basic/versioning …iv id="enable-section-numbers" /> This page defines how a client and server agree on what they are speaking: the protocol version, declared on every request; optional extensions, negotiated through c… Elicitation Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/client/elicitation …/> The Model Context Protocol (MCP) provides a standardized way for servers to request additional information from users through the client during interactions. This flow allows clients to maintain… Roots Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/client/roots …passing directories or files via tool parameters, resource URIs, or server configuration. See the [deprecated features registry](/specification/draft/deprecated). </Warning> The Model Context Pro… Sampling Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/client/sampling …ng> The Model Context Protocol (MCP) provides a standardized way for servers to request LLM sampling ("completions" or "generations") from language models via clients. This flow allows clients to mai… Deprecated Features Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/deprecated …8` | Pass directories or files via tool parameters, resource URIs, or server configuration | First revision released on or after 2027-07-28 | | [Sampling](/specification/draft/client/sampling) | [SEP-… Specification Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/index …connections * **Clients**: Connectors within the host application * **Servers**: Services that provide context and capabilities MCP takes some inspiration from the [Language Server Protocol](https://… Schema Reference Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/draft/schema …typography"><p>Describes how important this data is for operating the server.</p> <p>A value of 1 means "most important," and indicates that the data is effectively required, while 0 means "least im…