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Logging Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2024-11-05/server/utilities/logging …rror Handling Servers **SHOULD** return standard JSON-RPC errors for common failure cases: * Invalid log level: `-32602` (Invalid params) * Configuration errors: `-32603` (Internal error) ## Implem… Authorization Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-03-26/basic/authorization …ctices #### Local clients as Public OAuth 2.1 Clients We strongly recommend that local clients implement OAuth 2.1 as a public client: 1. Utilizing code challenges (PKCE) for authorization requests… Lifecycle Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-03-26/basic/lifecycle …tion and protocol version agreement 2. **Operation**: Normal protocol communication 3. **Shutdown**: Graceful termination of the connection ```mermaid theme={null} sequenceDiagram participant Cli… Transports Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-03-26/basic/transports …currently defines two standard transport mechanisms for client-server communication: 1. [stdio](#stdio), communication over standard in and standard out 2. [Streamable HTTP](#streamable-http) Client… Cancellation Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-03-26/basic/utilities/cancellation …e of notifications while allowing for race conditions in asynchronous communication. Roots Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-03-26/client/roots …rror Handling Clients **SHOULD** return standard JSON-RPC errors for common failure cases: * Client does not support roots: `-32601` (Method not found) * Internal errors: `-32603` Example error: `… Sampling Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-03-26/client/sampling …apabilities. ## Error Handling Clients **SHOULD** return errors for common failure cases: Example error: ```json theme={null} { "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1, "error": { "code": -1, "mes… Specification Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-03-26/index …ST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [BCP 14](https://datat… Overview Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-03-26/server/index …ser-controlled | Interactive templates invoked by user choice | Slash commands, menu options | | Resources | Application-controlled | Contextual data attached and managed by the client | File contents… Prompts Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-03-26/server/prompts …or use. Typically, prompts would be triggered through user-initiated commands in the user interface, which allows users to naturally discover and invoke available prompts. For example, as slash comm… Resources Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-03-26/server/resources …"mimeType": "image/png", "blob": "base64-encoded-data" } ``` ## Common URI Schemes The protocol defines several standard URI schemes. This list not exhaustive—implementations are always free to… Completion Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-03-26/server/utilities/completion …rror Handling Servers **SHOULD** return standard JSON-RPC errors for common failure cases: * Method not found: `-32601` (Capability not supported) * Invalid prompt name: `-32602` (Invalid params) *… Logging Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-03-26/server/utilities/logging …rror Handling Servers **SHOULD** return standard JSON-RPC errors for common failure cases: * Invalid log level: `-32602` (Invalid params) * Configuration errors: `-32603` (Internal error) ## Implem… Authorization Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-06-18/basic/authorization …est with access token M-->>C: MCP response Note over C,M: MCP communication continues with valid token ``` ### Dynamic Client Registration MCP clients and authorization servers **SHOULD** su… Lifecycle Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-06-18/basic/lifecycle …tion and protocol version agreement 2. **Operation**: Normal protocol communication 3. **Shutdown**: Graceful termination of the connection ```mermaid theme={null} sequenceDiagram participant Cli… Transports Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-06-18/basic/transports …currently defines two standard transport mechanisms for client-server communication: 1. [stdio](#stdio), communication over standard in and standard out 2. [Streamable HTTP](#streamable-http) Client… Cancellation Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-06-18/basic/utilities/cancellation …e of notifications while allowing for race conditions in asynchronous communication. Roots Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-06-18/client/roots …rror Handling Clients **SHOULD** return standard JSON-RPC errors for common failure cases: * Client does not support roots: `-32601` (Method not found) * Internal errors: `-32603` Example error: `… Sampling Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-06-18/client/sampling …apabilities. ## Error Handling Clients **SHOULD** return errors for common failure cases: Example error: ```json theme={null} { "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1, "error": { "code": -1, "mes… Specification Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-06-18/index …ST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [BCP 14](https://datat… Schema Reference Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-06-18/schema …r /><span class="tsd-signature-symbol">}</span></div> <div class="tsd-comment tsd-typography"><p>A response to a request that indicates an error occurred.</p> </div> <section class="tsd-panel tsd-memb… Overview Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-06-18/server/index …ser-controlled | Interactive templates invoked by user choice | Slash commands, menu options | | Resources | Application-controlled | Contextual data attached and managed by the client | File contents… Prompts Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-06-18/server/prompts …or use. Typically, prompts would be triggered through user-initiated commands in the user interface, which allows users to naturally discover and invoke available prompts. For example, as slash comm… Resources Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-06-18/server/resources …nclude in context * Display modification times or sort by recency ## Common URI Schemes The protocol defines several standard URI schemes. This list not exhaustive—implementations are always free to… Tools Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-06-18/server/tools …/modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-06-18/server/resources.md#common-uri-schemes). Servers that use embedded resources **SHOULD** implement the `resources` capability: ```json theme={null} {… Completion Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-06-18/server/utilities/completion …rror Handling Servers **SHOULD** return standard JSON-RPC errors for common failure cases: * Method not found: `-32601` (Capability not supported) * Invalid prompt name: `-32602` (Invalid params) *… Logging Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-06-18/server/utilities/logging …rror Handling Servers **SHOULD** return standard JSON-RPC errors for common failure cases: * Invalid log level: `-32602` (Invalid params) * Configuration errors: `-32603` (Internal error) ## Implem… Authorization Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/basic/authorization …est with access token M-->>C: MCP response Note over C,M: MCP communication continues with valid token ``` ## Client Registration Approaches MCP supports three client registration mechanisms… Overview Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/basic/index …-12 and SHOULD document which additional dialects they support 4. **Recommendation**: Implementors are RECOMMENDED to use JSON Schema 2020-12. ### Example Usage #### Default dialect (2020-12): ```j… Lifecycle Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/basic/lifecycle …tion and protocol version agreement 2. **Operation**: Normal protocol communication 3. **Shutdown**: Graceful termination of the connection ```mermaid theme={null} sequenceDiagram participant Cli… Transports Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/basic/transports …currently defines two standard transport mechanisms for client-server communication: 1. [stdio](#stdio), communication over standard in and standard out 2. [Streamable HTTP](#streamable-http) Client… Cancellation Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/basic/utilities/cancellation …e of notifications while allowing for race conditions in asynchronous communication. Tasks Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/basic/utilities/tasks …which can be either clients or servers, depending on the direction of communication — to augment their requests with **tasks**. Tasks are durable state machines that carry information about the underl… Key Changes Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/changelog …s/1577)) 8. Add support for OAuth Client ID Metadata Documents as a recommended client registration mechanism ([SEP-991](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/modelcontextprotocol/issues/991), PR [#… Elicitation Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/client/elicitation …Error Handling Servers **MUST** return standard JSON-RPC errors for common failure cases: * When a request cannot be processed until an elicitation is completed: `-32042` (`URLElicitationRequiredEr… Roots Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/client/roots …rror Handling Clients **SHOULD** return standard JSON-RPC errors for common failure cases: * Client does not support roots: `-32601` (Method not found) * Internal errors: `-32603` Example error: `… Sampling Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/client/sampling …apabilities. ## Error Handling Clients **SHOULD** return errors for common failure cases: * User rejected sampling request: `-1` * Tool result missing in request: `-32602` (Invalid params) * Tool r… Specification Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/index …ST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [BCP 14](https://datat… Schema Reference Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/schema …r /><span class="tsd-signature-symbol">}</span></div> <div class="tsd-comment tsd-typography"><p>A response to a request that indicates an error occurred.</p> </div> <section class="tsd-panel tsd-memb… Overview Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/server/index …ser-controlled | Interactive templates invoked by user choice | Slash commands, menu options | | Resources | Application-controlled | Contextual data attached and managed by the client | File contents… Prompts Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/server/prompts …or use. Typically, prompts would be triggered through user-initiated commands in the user interface, which allows users to naturally discover and invoke available prompts. For example, as slash comm… Resources Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/server/resources …nclude in context * Display modification times or sort by recency ## Common URI Schemes The protocol defines several standard URI schemes. This list not exhaustive—implementations are always free to… Tools Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/server/tools …es: * `{ "type": "object", "additionalProperties": false }` - **Recommended**: explicitly accepts only empty objects * `{ "type": "object" }` - accepts any object (including with properties) *… Completion Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/server/utilities/completion …rror Handling Servers **SHOULD** return standard JSON-RPC errors for common failure cases: * Method not found: `-32601` (Capability not supported) * Invalid prompt name: `-32602` (Invalid params) *… Logging Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2025-11-25/server/utilities/logging …rror Handling Servers **SHOULD** return standard JSON-RPC errors for common failure cases: * Invalid log level: `-32602` (Invalid params) * Configuration errors: `-32603` (Internal error) ## Implem… Architecture Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2026-07-28/architecture/index …n across clients ### Clients Each client is created by the host and communicates with exactly one server: * Communicates with exactly one server * Attaches protocol version and capabilities to ever… Authorization Server Discovery Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2026-07-28/basic/authorization/authorization-server-discovery …est with access token M-->>C: MCP response Note over C,M: MCP communication continues with valid token ``` Client Registration Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2026-07-28/basic/authorization/client-registration …documents)**: When client and server have no prior relationship (most common) * **[Pre-registration](#pre-registration)**: When client and server have an existing relationship * **[Dynamic Client Regi… Authorization Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2026-07-28/basic/authorization/index …est with access token M-->>C: MCP response Note over C,M: MCP communication continues with valid token ``` ### Authorization Response Validation Before redirecting the user-agent, the client… Authorization Security Considerations Model Context Protocol · in the page specification/2026-07-28/basic/authorization/security-considerations …racker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-1-13#section-4.3.1). ## Communication Security Implementations **MUST** follow [OAuth 2.1 Section 1.5 "Communication Security"](https://datatracker.ietf.…
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